Tristan Saucedo

What the fuck should I read?

I've been spending less time scrolling thanks to an app I built called Timeback, but that only works if you replace it with something. So I've been trying to read more. I started using essays as an easy way to get my book club to read more and meet more consistently.

So here is an essay picker. I wrote a function to guess how long it will take to read something and then organized a list of essays I liked, then found some beyond that (authors I like, pieces I want to read, etc) and put them all here.

380 essays
  1. Fragment 31 ("He seems to me equal to gods")

    ·600 BCE ·poem translated from Ancient Greek ·2 min

    Watching someone she wants sit and laugh with someone else, catalogued as symptoms: the tongue breaks, fire runs under the skin, she is greener than grass.

    2min 100 words

  2. On Friendship (Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII)

    ·340 BCE ·book chapter translated from Ancient Greek ·53 min

    Three kinds of friendship: for use, for pleasure, and for the other person's own sake. Only the third survives either party changing.

    53min 8,900 words

  3. Of Studies

    ·1597 ·essay ·4 min

    What reading is for. "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested."

    4min 500 words

  4. Sailing to Byzantium

    ·1928 ·poem ·2 min

    "That is no country for old men." An aging man leaves the world of birth and dying for a city of mosaic, asking to be remade as a golden bird.

    2min 250 words

  5. The Inner Ring

    ·1944 ·lecture ·19 min

    The desire to be inside the group that matters, and why that desire never resolves.

    19min 3,300 words

  6. The Last Question

    ·1956 ·short story ·18 min

    Across trillions of years, humanity keeps asking the computer whether entropy can be reversed, and keeps getting the same answer: INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER. Asimov called it his own favorite of everything he wrote.

    18min 4,700 words

  7. The More Loving One

    ·1957 ·poem ·2 min

    The stars do not care about us, and that is survivable. "If equal affection cannot be, / Let the more loving one be me."

    2min 120 words

  8. On Self-Respect

    ·1961 ·essay ·8 min

    What it costs to be responsible for your own life, written after Didion was not admitted to Phi Beta Kappa.

    8min 1,600 words

  9. Those Winter Sundays

    ·1962 ·poem ·2 min

    The father got up first in the cold and nobody ever thanked him. Fourteen lines that end on "love's austere and lonely offices."

    2min 110 words

  10. Notes on "Camp"

    ·1964 ·essay ·28 min

    A sensibility that prefers artifice, exaggeration, and failed seriousness, catalogued rather than argued.

    28min 7,000 words

  11. One Art

    ·1976 ·poem ·2 min

    A villanelle that insists losing is easy while the losses get larger, until the form itself starts to shake in the last line.

    2min 130 words

  12. Famous

    ·1982 ·poem ·2 min

    The river is famous to the fish. A redefinition of fame as being known by the thing nearest you, ending in a wish to be famous the way a buttonhole is.

    2min 180 words

  13. The String Theory

    ·1996 ·essay ·60 min

    Michael Joyce is the 79th best tennis player alive, which is to say unimaginably good and going nowhere. Wallace watches him qualify in Montreal and works out what that level of devotion costs.

    60min 15,000 words

  14. Unspeakable Conversations

    ·2003 ·essay ·42 min

    Johnson, a disability-rights lawyer, goes to Princeton to debate Peter Singer, who argues that parents should be free to kill disabled infants. She finds him courteous, takes the argument seriously, and refuses it from inside her own life.

    42min 9,000 words

  15. Consider the Lobster

    ·2004 ·essay read at Club Violet ·35 min

    The Maine Lobster Festival, and whether boiling a lobster alive is defensible. Assigned as festival coverage; delivered as an argument about pain.

    35min 7,500 words

  16. Roger Federer as Religious Experience

    ·2006 ·essay paywall read at Club Violet ·26 min

    The 2006 Wimbledon final, and what a human body does at the limit of what bodies do.

    26min 6,500 words

  17. Exhalation

    ·2008 ·short story ·30 min

    A mechanical scientist dissects his own brain while it runs and discovers his world is dying of air-pressure equalization. Won the 2009 Hugo for Best Short Story, the 2009 BSFA Award, and the 2009 Locus Award. The 2019 collection it names was a New York Times Notable Book and bestseller.

    30min 6,552 words

  18. The Egg

    ·2009 ·short story ·5 min

    A man dies in a car crash and a god explains that every human who ever lived is him, living each life in sequence. Kurzgesagt animated it in 2019 with Weir's permission; it is one of that channel's most-viewed videos, and the story has been fan-translated into 30+ languages. Logic built his 2017 album Everybody around the premise. No awards — it was never professionally published.

    5min 1,100 words

  19. My Story: How one Percocet Prescription Triggered my Addiction

    ·2012 ·essay ·13 min

    An emergency-department nurse is prescribed Percocet after a meningitis exposure and traces, month by month, how the prescription became the addiction. Published anonymously in the Journal of Medical Toxicology.

    13min 2,800 words

  20. Instructions on Not Giving Up

    ·2017 ·poem ·2 min

    After the flowering trees are done showing off, the plain green leaves come out anyway, and the poem decides to take that as instruction.

    2min 180 words

  21. Violet Bent Backwards Over the Grass

    ·2020 ·poem ·4 min

    The title poem of her collection. She arrives at a party with every decision already made, sees a seven-year-old arched backwards in the grass doing nothing, and decides to do nothing about everything.

    4min 400 words

  22. The Crypto Story

    ·2022 ·essay ·160 min

    An entire issue of Businessweek handed to one writer. Levine explains what crypto actually is, from first principles, without deciding in advance whether it is a scam or a revolution.

    160min 40,000 words

  23. The Iliad, Book XXIV: Priam and Achilles

    ·750 BCE ·poem translated from Ancient Greek ·93 min

    The old king crosses the lines alone to kiss the hands of the man who killed his son, and asks for the body back. The two of them eat together.

    93min 8,400 words

  24. The Apology of Socrates

    ·399 BCE ·speech translated from Ancient Greek ·58 min

    Socrates defends himself against the charge of corrupting the young, declines to plead for his life, and tells the jury that the unexamined life is not worth living.

    58min 11,500 words

  25. Crito

    ·399 BCE ·dialogue translated from Ancient Greek ·42 min

    Crito comes to the cell with an escape plan already paid for. Socrates argues that he owes the laws his obedience even when they have killed him.

    42min 5,400 words

  26. Euthyphro

    ·399 BCE ·dialogue translated from Ancient Greek ·52 min

    On the courthouse steps Socrates asks a man prosecuting his own father what piety is, and gets five answers that all collapse.

    52min 6,800 words

  27. The Allegory of the Cave

    ·375 BCE ·book chapter translated from Ancient Greek ·15 min

    Prisoners chained facing a wall take the shadows on it for the world. What happens to the one who gets out, and what happens when he comes back.

    15min 2,500 words

  28. Poetics

    ·335 BCE ·book translated from Ancient Greek ·67 min

    The founding text of dramatic theory. Plot over character, the six parts of tragedy, and the reversal and recognition that make an ending land.

    67min 14,500 words

  29. On Old Age (Cato Maior de Senectute)

    ·44 BCE ·essay translated from Latin ·78 min

    Cato at eighty-four answers the four standard complaints about old age, including the one about losing pleasure, which he calls a favor.

    78min 15,000 words

  30. On Friendship (Laelius de Amicitia)

    ·44 BCE ·essay translated from Latin ·89 min

    Written the year Cicero was killed. Friendship is possible only between good men, and the hardest part is telling a friend the truth.

    89min 17,000 words

  31. On the Shortness of Life (De Brevitate Vitae)

    ·49 ·essay translated from Latin ·47 min

    Life is not short; people squander it on status, busywork, and other people's business.

    47min 9,000 words

  32. Of Peace of Mind

    ·60 ·essay translated from Latin ·68 min

    Serenus asks Seneca to cure his restless dissatisfaction; Seneca prescribes work, friends and limits.

    68min 13,000 words

  33. On Noise

    ·63 ·letter translated from Latin ·9 min

    Seneca lodges above a bathhouse and catalogues every noise coming through the floor — grunting weightlifters, the armpit-hair plucker's clients shrieking — then argues that the real obstacle to study is internal, not acoustic.

    9min 1,800 words

  34. Letter 1: On Saving Time

    ·63 ·letter translated from Latin ·3 min

    Time is the only thing truly ours, and the only thing we let be stolen.

    3min 500 words

  35. Letter 47: On Master and Slave

    ·64 ·letter translated from Latin ·9 min

    Slaves are fellow human beings and should eat, speak and be treated as such.

    9min 1,700 words

  36. On Listening to Lectures

    ·100 ·essay translated from Ancient Greek ·47 min

    How to listen well: attention, restraint of envy, tolerance of criticism, and ignoring style for substance.

    47min 9,000 words

  37. On Talkativeness

    ·100 ·essay translated from Ancient Greek ·58 min

    The compulsive talker is the one person no cure reaches, because the treatment requires listening. Plutarch prescribes exercises anyway.

    58min 11,000 words

  38. On Tranquillity of Mind

    ·100 ·essay translated from Ancient Greek ·63 min

    Written to a friend in a hurry, on why changing your circumstances rarely changes your state, since you take yourself along.

    63min 12,000 words

  39. On the Control of Anger

    ·100 ·essay translated from Ancient Greek ·58 min

    A man reports what worked: watching angry people closely, refusing to speak while enraged, and noticing that anger is mostly performed for an audience.

    58min 11,000 words

  40. The Enchiridion

    ·125 ·book translated from Ancient Greek ·41 min

    A former slave sorts everything into what is up to you and what is not, then tells you to want only the first category. Fifty-three short entries.

    41min 7,500 words

  41. Meditations, Book II

    ·175 ·book chapter translated from Ancient Greek ·14 min

    Written on campaign among the Quadi. Begin each day expecting to meet the ungrateful and the arrogant, and remember you could leave life this minute.

    14min 2,400 words

  42. Meditations, Book IV

    ·175 ·book chapter translated from Ancient Greek ·26 min

    The retreat into yourself that is available anywhere, and the argument that whatever happens was always going to happen to someone.

    26min 4,300 words

  43. Of Cannibals

    ·1580 ·essay translated from French ·31 min

    Montaigne interviews Brazilians brought to Rouen, describes Tupinambá ritual cannibalism, and argues Europeans who torture and burn people alive are the greater barbarians.

    31min 6,000 words

  44. That to Study Philosophy Is to Learn to Die

    ·1580 ·essay translated from French ·42 min

    Rehearsing death in advance strips it of terror, and that is the whole business of philosophy.

    42min 8,000 words

  45. Of the Education of Children

    ·1580 ·essay translated from French ·78 min

    A letter to Diane de Foix on raising a child to judge for himself rather than memorise.

    78min 15,000 words

  46. Of Friendship

    ·1580 ·essay translated from French ·31 min

    Written for Étienne de La Boétie, dead at thirty-two. Montaigne tries to say why they loved each other and gives up: "Because it was he, because it was I."

    31min 6,000 words

  47. Of Solitude

    ·1580 ·essay translated from French ·24 min

    Retiring from the world is useless if you bring the world with you. Reserve a back shop, wholly your own, and keep your ambition there rather than outside.

    24min 4,500 words

  48. Of Experience

    ·1588 ·essay translated from French ·131 min

    Personal experience — of law, doctors, diet, sleep, aging — as a surer guide than reason or authority.

    131min 25,000 words

  49. Of Coaches

    ·1588 ·essay translated from French ·40 min

    Drifts from his motion sickness and Roman spectacle to the Spanish destruction of the Americas.

    40min 9,000 words

  50. Of Death

    ·1612 ·essay ·5 min

    Fear of death is learned rather than natural, and is outweighed by ordinary passions.

    5min 700 words

  51. Of Friendship

    ·1612 ·essay ·25 min

    Friendship's three fruits: relief of the heart, clarity of judgment, and action through another.

    25min 3,200 words

  52. Of Truth

    ·1625 ·essay ·8 min

    Why men prefer lies to truth, and truth's place in civil business.

    8min 1,000 words

  53. A Meditation upon a Broomstick

    ·1703 ·essay ·5 min

    A worn broomstick becomes an emblem of human vanity and of reason overturned by appetite.

    5min 800 words

  54. An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity

    ·1708 ·pamphlet ·45 min

    Ironically defends keeping nominal Christianity because abolishing it would inconvenience society.

    45min 7,000 words

  55. Hints Towards an Essay on Conversation

    ·1710 ·essay ·27 min

    A catalogue of what ruins talk: monopolizing, forced wit, raillery, interrupting, obscurity.

    27min 4,000 words

  56. The Spectator No. 26 (Reflections in Westminster Abbey)

    ·1711 ·essay ·8 min

    Addison walks among the tombs and epitaphs and turns it into a meditation on death and the absurdity of monuments.

    8min 1,250 words

  57. The Spectator No. 1

    ·1711 ·essay ·9 min

    Mr. Spectator introduces himself as a silent, universally present observer who never speaks.

    9min 1,500 words

  58. The Spectator No. 2

    ·1711 ·essay ·10 min

    Introduces the Spectator Club: Sir Roger de Coverley, Sir Andrew Freeport, Will Honeycomb and the rest.

    10min 1,800 words

  59. The Spectator No. 411

    ·1712 ·essay ·10 min

    Sight as the primary sense, and the division of imagination's pleasures into primary and secondary.

    10min 1,500 words

  60. A Modest Proposal

    ·1729 ·pamphlet ·21 min

    A deadpan projector proposes the Irish poor sell their one-year-olds as food to English landlords, with costings and cooking suggestions.

    21min 3,300 words

  61. The Rambler No. 5

    ·1750 ·essay ·10 min

    Spring, and the human habit of postponing happiness into an imagined future.

    10min 1,500 words

  62. The Rambler No. 155

    ·1751 ·essay ·11 min

    Why men cannot see their own faults, and why advice is so rarely heard.

    11min 1,600 words

  63. Letter to Lord Chesterfield

    ·1755 ·letter ·3 min

    Chesterfield ignored Johnson for the seven years he wrote the Dictionary, then published puffs for it just before publication. Johnson declines.

    3min 470 words

  64. The Idler No. 31

    ·1758 ·essay ·8 min

    Idleness disguised as hurry, ending in the portrait of Sober, who works to avoid thinking.

    8min 1,200 words

  65. Common Sense

    ·1776 ·pamphlet ·143 min

    A plain-language case that hereditary monarchy is absurd, reconciliation with Britain is impossible, and America should declare independence now.

    143min 22,000 words

  66. The American Crisis, No. I

    ·1776 ·pamphlet ·13 min

    "These are the times that try men's souls." Written during the retreat across New Jersey.

    13min 2,000 words

  67. The Morals of Chess

    ·1779 ·essay ·17 min

    Chess as moral training in foresight, caution, and sportsmanship. Generally regarded as the first essay on chess published in America; reprinted at least a dozen times before 1800 and translated into French, German, and Russian — the most widely reprinted product of Franklin's Passy press.

    17min 2,500 words

  68. The Two Races of Men

    ·1820 ·essay ·14 min

    Humanity divided into borrowers and lenders, with a portrait of a ruinous borrower of books.

    14min 2,600 words

  69. New Year's Eve

    ·1821 ·essay ·14 min

    A confession of terror at death and a refusal to be consoled by the turning year.

    14min 3,000 words

  70. A Dissertation Upon Roast Pig

    ·1822 ·essay ·14 min

    A mock-scholarly origin myth in which roast pork is discovered in China when a boy burns down a house with piglets inside, followed by a rhapsody on crackling.

    14min 3,000 words

  71. Dream Children: A Reverie

    ·1822 ·essay ·8 min

    Imagined children listen to stories of great-grandmother Field before dissolving into nothing.

    8min 1,600 words

  72. On Going a Journey

    ·1822 ·essay ·24 min

    The case for travelling alone, on foot, in silence.

    24min 5,000 words

  73. On Familiar Style

    ·1822 ·essay ·14 min

    Plain conversational prose demands more exactness than ornamental writing.

    14min 3,000 words

  74. On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth

    ·1823 ·essay ·9 min

    Why the knocking right after Duncan's murder produces such a jolt — it marks the moment the ordinary world restarts, retroactively showing how far Macbeth's world had gone.

    9min 2,000 words

  75. My First Acquaintance with Poets

    ·1823 ·essay ·42 min

    His 1798 meeting with Coleridge at Wem, and the subsequent visit to Coleridge and Wordsworth.

    42min 9,000 words

  76. On the Pleasure of Hating

    ·1826 ·essay ·26 min

    Starting from a spider on his floor, Hazlitt argues malice is a positive appetite rather than a failure of virtue — that we need enemies, enjoy public hatreds, and eventually turn on our friends and our own past selves.

    26min 4,700 words

  77. The American Scholar

    ·1837 ·speech ·40 min

    The scholar's education by nature, books and action, and the duty to think first-hand.

    40min 7,500 words

  78. Self-Reliance

    ·1841 ·essay ·58 min

    Conformity as the standing threat to a person's actual judgment.

    58min 10,500 words

  79. Circles

    ·1841 ·essay ·30 min

    Every settled truth is a circle that a wider circle will draw around it.

    30min 5,500 words

  80. The Overcoat

    ·1842 ·short story translated from Russian ·60 min

    A despised copying clerk saves for a new overcoat, is robbed of it the night he first wears it, dies of grief after being humiliated by an official, and returns as a ghost stealing coats. Origin of the most-repeated line in Russian literary history — "We all came out from under Gogol's 'Overcoat'" — and of the Russian "little man" tradition.

    60min 14,000 words

  81. A Christmas Carol

    ·1843 ·novella ·131 min

    The 6,000-copy first printing sold out by Christmas Eve and thirteen editions followed by the end of 1844; it has never been out of print. It popularized "Merry Christmas" and "Bah! Humbug!", and "Scrooge" was admitted to the OED as a common noun in 1982.

    131min 29,000 words

  82. Experience

    ·1844 ·essay ·55 min

    Grief, temperament, illusion and surface as the conditions under which we actually live.

    55min 10,000 words

  83. Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow

    ·1845 ·essay ·12 min

    An allegorical vision of three goddesses of grief who educate humanity through suffering.

    12min 2,500 words

  84. The Literature of Knowledge and the Literature of Power

    ·1848 ·essay ·9 min

    Distinguishes writing that teaches from writing that moves.

    9min 2,000 words

  85. Civil Disobedience

    ·1849 ·essay ·53 min

    Thoreau refuses to pay a poll tax funding slavery and the Mexican–American War, spends a night in jail, and argues a just individual withdraws support from an unjust state rather than waiting for majorities.

    53min 9,500 words

  86. The Glory of Motion

    ·1849 ·essay ·42 min

    The mail-coach as engine of speed, class ritual, and the delivery of Napoleonic war news.

    42min 9,000 words

  87. Ain't I a Woman?

    ·1851 ·speech ·2 min

    Truth tells a white women's convention that the chivalry claimed as women's nature was never extended to her.

    2min 450 words

  88. What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?

    ·1852 ·speech ·45 min

    Douglass praises the founders at length, then pivots to tell a white audience that Independence Day is, to the enslaved, "a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages."

    45min 10,000 words

  89. A Plea for Captain John Brown

    ·1859 ·speech ·38 min

    A defense of John Brown after Harpers Ferry as a man of principle against a corrupt press and public.

    38min 8,500 words

  90. Walking

    ·1862 ·essay ·56 min

    Sauntering as a discipline, and the westward pull of the wild.

    56min 12,000 words

  91. Wild Apples

    ·1862 ·essay ·42 min

    Natural and human history of the wild apple, and why its fruit tastes right only outdoors.

    42min 9,000 words

  92. Life Without Principle

    ·1863 ·essay ·44 min

    How the business of getting a living consumes the life it is supposed to serve.

    44min 8,000 words

  93. An Apology for Idlers

    ·1877 ·essay ·22 min

    A defense of loafing and unsystematic learning against the cult of industrious respectability.

    22min 4,000 words

  94. The Decay of Lying

    ·1889 ·dialogue ·76 min

    Cyril and Vivian argue that art should abandon realism and reassert imaginative lying.

    76min 11,000 words

  95. Pen, Pencil and Poison

    ·1889 ·essay ·33 min

    The life of Thomas Griffiths Wainewright, art critic, forger and poisoner.

    33min 7,000 words

  96. The Critic as Artist

    ·1890 ·dialogue ·166 min

    Gilbert persuades Ernest that criticism is more creative than creation itself.

    166min 24,000 words

  97. The Soul of Man Under Socialism

    ·1891 ·essay ·59 min

    Socialism's real value is not equality but the abolition of drudgery, freeing everyone for individualism and art. Charity, Wilde argues, is part of the disease.

    59min 12,500 words

  98. Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offences

    ·1895 ·essay ·17 min

    Twain lays out 18 rules of romantic fiction and demolishes Cooper for breaking all of them, counting "114 offences against literary art out of a possible 115" in two-thirds of a page of The Deerslayer.

    17min 3,600 words

  99. How to Tell a Story

    ·1895 ·essay ·12 min

    The American humorous story, told deadpan and rambling, against comic and witty stories.

    12min 2,500 words

  100. Of Our Spiritual Strivings

    ·1897 ·essay ·16 min

    What it is to live as a problem in America.

    16min 3,300 words

  101. Corn-Pone Opinions

    ·1901 ·essay ·10 min

    Opinions are set by self-interest and the craving to conform, not by reasoning.

    10min 2,200 words

  102. To the Person Sitting in Darkness

    ·1901 ·essay ·28 min

    A savage accounting of missionary and imperial conduct in China, the Philippines and South Africa.

    28min 7,000 words

  103. A Defence of Nonsense

    ·1901 ·essay ·8 min

    Lear and Carroll's nonsense as a genuine form of spiritual perception rather than mere silliness.

    8min 2,000 words

  104. A Free Man's Worship

    ·1903 ·essay ·16 min

    How to build a moral life on a universe that is indifferent and will end.

    16min 3,500 words

  105. The War Prayer

    ·1905 ·prose parable ·4 min

    An aged stranger interrupts a patriotic church service to spell out the unspoken second half of the congregation's prayer for victory — the enemy's children starving, their homes in ruins — and is dismissed as a lunatic. Citation flag: the widely repeated Harper's Monthly, November 1916 first-publication claim is wrong.

    4min 1,100 words

  106. The Ethics of Elfland

    ·1908 ·essay ·45 min

    Fairy tales teach conditional joy — that the world is a gift held on terms — and that this is a better epistemology than the one that calls natural law necessity.

    45min 9,500 words

  107. On Running After One's Hat

    ·1908 ·essay ·7 min

    Chasing a windblown hat, floods and railway delays reframed as adventures.

    7min 1,400 words

  108. The Twelve Men

    ·1909 ·essay ·7 min

    Jury service, and why justice needs twelve ordinary men rather than trained specialists.

    7min 1,400 words

  109. Twilight of Idols

    ·1917 ·essay ·28 min

    John Dewey's pragmatism had technique but no ends, and so was captured by the war.

    28min 6,000 words

  110. The Sahara of the Bozart

    ·1917 ·essay ·20 min

    The American South as a cultural desert. The title is Mencken's phonetic joke on beaux arts.

    20min 5,000 words

  111. Modern Fiction

    ·1919 ·essay ·15 min

    The Edwardian "materialists" — Bennett, Wells, Galsworthy — describe the body of life and miss the mind.

    15min 3,700 words

  112. Letter to His Father (Brief an den Vater)

    ·1919 ·letter translated from German ·89 min

    An itemized indictment of paternal domination and its effect on his writing, his attempts at marriage, and his self. The single most-quoted biographical key to Kafka's fiction and the origin of the modern letter-to-a-parent genre. The manuscript was acquired by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, announced 2025.

    89min 20,000 words

  113. The Modern Essay

    ·1922 ·essay ·20 min

    A review of Ernest Rhys's anthology that turns into Woolf's theory of what the essay form must do.

    20min 5,000 words

  114. Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown

    ·1923 ·lecture ·42 min

    Why the Edwardian novel's tools cannot capture an old woman in a railway carriage.

    42min 8,500 words

  115. Montaigne

    ·1924 ·essay ·17 min

    On Montaigne's attempt to draw himself with a pen, and the impossibility of communicating a soul.

    17min 4,200 words

  116. On Not Knowing Greek

    ·1925 ·essay ·30 min

    Why the Greek of Aeschylus and Sophocles stays permanently out of reach of English readers, and why we keep returning to it.

    30min 7,500 words

  117. The Common Reader

    ·1925 ·essay ·1 min

    A one-page defense, taken from Johnson's Life of Gray, of the reader who reads for pleasure rather than to instruct.

    1min 350 words

  118. On Being Ill

    ·1926 ·essay ·26 min

    Why literature has almost nothing to say about being sick, which is one of the most common human states.

    26min 6,500 words

  119. On Being the Right Size

    ·1926 ·essay ·11 min

    The square-cube law applied to biology. A mouse dropped down a mine shaft walks away; a horse splashes. Insects breathe by diffusion because they are small.

    11min 2,700 words

  120. How Should One Read a Book?

    ·1926 ·lecture ·22 min

    The reader's only duty is to follow her own instincts — first as the author's accomplice, then as judge. Source of the closing image of God telling readers at Judgment Day, "we have nothing to give them here… they have loved reading." A permanent fixture of introductory literature and library-science syllabi.

    22min 4,500 words

  121. Street Haunting: A London Adventure

    ·1927 ·essay ·20 min

    Walking across London at dusk on the excuse of buying a pencil, and what the self does when it is unobserved.

    20min 5,000 words

  122. How It Feels to Be Colored Me

    ·1928 ·essay ·7 min

    Hurston on becoming "colored" at thirteen when she left an all-Black town for Jacksonville, and refusing the tragic register afterward.

    7min 1,700 words

  123. A Room of One's Own

    ·1928 ·lecture ·190 min

    Money and privacy as the material preconditions of women's writing, argued through the invented figure of Shakespeare's sister Judith.

    190min 38,000 words

  124. A Hanging

    ·1931 ·essay ·8 min

    An execution in a Burmese jail, and the prisoner stepping around a puddle on the way to the gallows.

    8min 2,000 words

  125. Professions for Women

    ·1931 ·speech ·9 min

    Woolf describes having to murder "the Angel in the House" before she could review a book honestly.

    9min 2,400 words

  126. Obituary (for Daisy)

    ·1932 ·essay ·3 min

    A mock-formal obituary for White's Scottish terrier, killed by a Yellow Cab on University Place.

    3min 650 words

  127. In Praise of Idleness

    ·1932 ·essay ·25 min

    The case for a four-hour day, argued from the observation that the modern world produces more than enough and then invents work to absorb the surplus.

    25min 5,300 words

  128. In Praise of Shadows

    ·1933 ·essay translated from Japanese ·71 min

    An aesthetic built on shadow, patina, and dimness — lacquerware made for candlelight, gold leaf that glows only in gloom, No theater, the toilet as a place of contemplation — against the flattening glare of Western electric light.

    71min 16,000 words

  129. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

    ·1935 ·essay translated from German ·41 min

    Reproduction strips an artwork of its aura, the authority it held by existing in one place at one time, and politics rushes into the vacuum.

    41min 9,200 words

  130. Shooting an Elephant

    ·1936 ·essay ·13 min

    A colonial police officer in Burma shoots an elephant he does not want to shoot because a crowd expects it.

    13min 3,300 words

  131. The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov

    ·1936 ·essay translated from German ·49 min

    Storytelling is dying because experience has become uncommunicable — soldiers came back from the trenches silent — and the novel, and worse, information, have replaced the story.

    49min 11,000 words

  132. Bookshop Memories

    ·1936 ·essay ·8 min

    A year behind the counter at Booklovers' Corner, Hampstead, and the customers who cured him of wanting to own a bookshop.

    8min 2,000 words

  133. Undersea

    ·1937 ·essay ·9 min

    The ocean narrated from the point of view of its inhabitants rather than a human observer, from shore to abyssal plain.

    9min 2,300 words

  134. Craftsmanship

    ·1937 ·broadcast ·7 min

    Writing is not a craft, because words refuse to be pinned to single useful meanings.

    7min 1,900 words

  135. Three Guineas

    ·1938 ·book ·250 min

    Answering a letter asking how war may be prevented, Woolf links fascism abroad to patriarchy in English education, professions and the family.

    250min 60,000 words

  136. Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote

    ·1939 ·short story translated from Spanish ·17 min

    A mock obituary catalogues a minor French writer's attempt not to copy but to re-author, word for word, chapters of Don Quixote; the identical text is judged richer than Cervantes's. Routinely named the first work of postmodern fiction and a founding text of intertextuality; central to Arthur Danto's philosophy of art. Now the standard citation in arguments about machine-generated text.

    17min 4,000 words

  137. Learning in War-Time

    ·1939 ·sermon ·20 min

    Why scholarship and culture are legitimate rather than frivolous while a war is on — the human condition has always been lived on the edge of a precipice. It became the most-cited historical text during COVID-19 for justifying continued academic work in a crisis, and its claim that war "creates no absolutely new situation" is a standard rebuttal in arguments about the humanities' relevance.

    20min 4,000 words

  138. Walden

    ·1939 ·essay ·15 min

    A letter dictated to Henry Thoreau reporting on a 1939 motor trip to Walden Pond, complete with an itemized expense list.

    15min 3,800 words

  139. The Iliad, or the Poem of Force

    ·1940 ·essay translated from French ·58 min

    Reads the Iliad as a poem whose real protagonist is force — "that x that turns anybody who is subjected to it into a thing" — and insists it degrades the one who wields it as surely as the one it destroys.

    58min 13,000 words

  140. Freedom

    ·1940 ·essay ·11 min

    Written as France fell, it defines freedom as a private, physically felt possession rather than a political abstraction.

    11min 2,850 words

  141. Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid

    ·1940 ·essay ·8 min

    Written under German bombers over Sussex: women must help men kill the "subconscious Hitlerism" of the desire to dominate.

    8min 2,100 words

  142. Charles Dickens

    ·1940 ·essay ·64 min

    A long political reading of Dickens as a moralist who wanted men to behave better rather than institutions to change.

    64min 16,000 words

  143. Once More to the Lake

    ·1941 ·essay read at Club Violet ·9 min

    White takes his son to the Maine lake he went to as a child and cannot keep the two visits separate.

    9min 2,300 words

  144. The Library of Babel

    ·1941 ·short story translated from Spanish ·16 min

    A librarian describes an infinite hexagonal library containing every possible 410-page book, and the sects and despairs this produces. The direct model for the labyrinth-library and blind Jorge of Burgos in Eco's The Name of the Rose. Spawned Jonathan Basile's libraryofbabel.info, a working algorithmic realization.

    16min 3,200 words

  145. The Garden of Forking Paths

    ·1941 ·short story translated from Spanish ·21 min

    A Chinese spy for Germany in the First World War visits a sinologist who has decoded his ancestor's novel as a labyrinth of branching times, then kills him to transmit a place name. Its Anthony Boucher translation in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, August 1948, was the first Borges story ever published in English — he reached the anglophone world via a mystery pulp.

    21min 4,200 words

  146. Nightfall

    ·1941 ·short story ·50 min

    On a planet with six suns, astronomers calculate that a once-in-2,049-years total eclipse is coming, and civilization destroys itself when the stars appear. In 1968 the Science Fiction Writers of America voted it the best science fiction short story written before the Nebulas began, and enshrined it in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume One.

    50min 13,000 words

  147. The Weight of Glory

    ·1941 ·sermon ·28 min

    Desire (Sehnsucht) as evidence of a destiny beyond the world, and the resulting weight of the destinies of the people beside you. Source of the most-quoted sentence in Lewis's nonfiction — "half-hearted creatures fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us… far too easily pleased" — and of "you have never talked to a mere mortal."

    28min 5,500 words

  148. The Death of the Moth

    ·1942 ·essay ·5 min

    Woolf watches a moth die on a windowpane over the course of an afternoon.

    5min 1,200 words

  149. The Myth of Sisyphus (final chapter)

    ·1942 ·book chapter translated from French ·10 min

    Sisyphus is the absurd hero because he is fully conscious of the futility of his punishment. The descent back down the mountain, not the pushing, is where he becomes free of it.

    10min 1,600 words

  150. On Stupidity

    ·1943 ·letter translated from German ·5 min

    Written from a Gestapo prison. Stupidity is a moral failing rather than an intellectual one, it is produced by power, and against it we are defenseless in a way we are not against malice.

    5min 1,000 words

  151. Thinking Like a Mountain

    ·1944 ·book chapter ·8 min

    Leopold shoots a wolf, watches "a fierce green fire dying in her eyes," and follows the consequence — deer irruption, then a mountain stripped bare.

    8min 1,650 words

  152. Meditation in a Toolshed

    ·1945 ·essay ·7 min

    The difference between looking at a beam of light and standing in it looking along it, applied to every kind of knowledge.

    7min 1,400 words

  153. As We May Think

    ·1945 ·essay ·32 min

    Written as the war ends, argues the real postwar problem is the unmanageable growth of the scientific record, and proposes the "memex" — a desk that stores documents on microfilm and lets a user build permanent associative trails between them.

    32min 8,000 words

  154. Existentialism Is a Humanism

    ·1945 ·lecture translated from French ·85 min

    Defends existentialism against charges of quietism and despair — existence precedes essence, and man is condemned to be free.

    85min 13,000 words

  155. Notes on Nationalism

    ·1945 ·essay ·30 min

    Distinguishes patriotism from nationalism — the habit of identifying with a unit and refusing all evidence against it.

    30min 7,500 words

  156. Politics and the English Language

    ·1946 ·essay ·20 min

    How vague, prefabricated prose makes indefensible political positions defensible.

    20min 5,000 words

  157. Books v. Cigarettes

    ·1946 ·essay ·10 min

    Orwell audits his own 442-book library to prove reading costs less than tobacco or the cinema.

    10min 2,400 words

  158. Confessions of a Book Reviewer

    ·1946 ·essay ·6 min

    A portrait of the reviewer in a cold dressing-gown, inventing enthusiasm for books that deserve none.

    6min 1,500 words

  159. Decline of the English Murder

    ·1946 ·essay ·7 min

    Why the respectable domestic poisoning of 1850–1925 satisfied the English public more than the 1944 Cleft Chin Murder.

    7min 1,700 words

  160. A Nice Cup of Tea

    ·1946 ·essay ·5 min

    Eleven non-negotiable rules for making tea, including milk after and never sugar.

    5min 1,300 words

  161. Why I Write

    ·1946 ·essay ·12 min

    Four motives that make anyone write, ranked honestly, with sheer egoism first. "Good prose is like a windowpane."

    12min 2,900 words

  162. The Catastrophe of Success

    ·1947 ·essay ·10 min

    Written after The Glass Menagerie made him famous. Security turned out to be a kind of death, and he checked into a hotel under a false name to get out of it.

    10min 2,500 words

  163. Death of a Pig

    ·1948 ·essay ·16 min

    White tries and fails to save a sick pig he had bought to slaughter.

    16min 4,000 words

  164. The Lottery

    ·1948 ·short story ·13 min

    A small town holds its annual civic ritual; the winner is stoned to death by her neighbors. The reader mail is the story: it drew the largest volume of mail The New Yorker had ever received for a work of fiction — roughly 10 letters a day that summer, and of some 300 Jackson counted, she said only 13 were kind. Subscriptions were canceled.

    13min 3,400 words

  165. Here Is New York

    ·1948 ·essay ·30 min

    A block-by-block meditation on New York as three cities — commuter, native, settler — and on the privacy and loneliness it confers.

    30min 7,500 words

  166. Reflections on Gandhi

    ·1949 ·essay ·16 min

    A skeptical assessment of Gandhi's sainthood, asking whether non-violence could have worked against a totalitarian state.

    16min 4,000 words

  167. Everybody's Protest Novel

    ·1949 ·essay ·16 min

    Attacks Uncle Tom's Cabin and, at the end, Native Son, as sentimental protest fiction that denies its subjects' humanity.

    16min 4,000 words

  168. Computing Machinery and Intelligence

    ·1950 ·journal paper ·157 min

    Replaces "Can machines think?" with the imitation game, then answers nine objections including the theological one and Lady Lovelace's.

    157min 12,000 words

  169. The Sons of La Malinche

    ·1950 ·book chapter translated from Spanish borrow from archive.org ·35 min

    La Chingada — Malinche as violated mother, and Mexicans as hijos de la chingada, sons of the violation.

    35min 7,000 words

  170. What White Publishers Won't Print

    ·1950 ·essay ·14 min

    Why the publishing industry will print Black suffering and Black exotica but not Black ordinariness.

    14min 3,500 words

  171. The Veldt

    ·1950 ·short story ·23 min

    Two children's virtual-reality nursery keeps rendering an African veldt with feeding lions; when the parents threaten to shut the house down, the children lock them in it. The standard early literary reference point for virtual reality, screen-parenting, and the smart home, cited constantly in tech criticism. Deadmau5's 2012 single "The Veldt" is explicitly based on it.

    23min 6,000 words

  172. Nobel banquet speech

    ·1950 ·speech ·2 min

    Under the shadow of the atomic bomb, the writer's only worthy subject is "the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself." Textual flag: Faulkner revised it for The Faulkner Reader (1954), and the version circulating today — including on the Nobel site — carries those changes; it is not verbatim what he said. "I decline to accept the end of man… he will not merely endure: he will prevail"

    2min 550 words

  173. Kafka and His Precursors

    ·1951 ·essay translated from Spanish ·5 min

    Assembles six texts with nothing in common — Zeno's paradox, a Han Yu allegory, Kierkegaard, Browning, Léon Bloy, Lord Dunsany — and shows each becomes Kafkaesque only once Kafka exists.

    5min 1,100 words

  174. The Argentine Writer and Tradition

    ·1951 ·essay translated from Spanish borrow from archive.org ·13 min

    Rejects the demand that Argentine writers use local colour, noting the Koran contains no camels; argues peripheral writers can handle all of Western culture with more freedom than its inheritors, as Jews and Irishmen have done.

    13min 3,000 words

  175. Many Thousands Gone

    ·1951 ·essay ·34 min

    Bigger Thomas is a white American fantasy, and "the Negro in America" exists only as a national myth.

    34min 8,500 words

  176. Such, Such Were the Joys

    ·1952 ·essay ·64 min

    St Cyprian's preparatory school: bed-wetting, beatings, snobbery, and the child's conviction of being irredeemably bad.

    64min 16,000 words

  177. Stranger in the Village

    ·1953 ·essay ·26 min

    Baldwin spends a winter in a Swiss alpine village where no Black person has ever been, and works out what that says about America rather than Switzerland.

    26min 6,500 words

  178. A Good Man Is Hard to Find

    ·1953 ·short story ·26 min

    A family's road-trip detour ends with an escaped convict, The Misfit, having them shot one by one. Her most anthologized story and the one she lectured on most — her essay "A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable" exists chiefly to explain the grandmother's final gesture. Sufjan Stevens's 2004 song of the same name, on Seven Swans, is written from The Misfit's viewpoint.

    26min 6,700 words

  179. The Hedgehog and the Fox

    ·1953 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·127 min

    The fox knows many things, the hedgehog one big thing. Berlin takes the fragment seriously, then spends the essay arguing Tolstoy was a fox who believed he ought to be a hedgehog.

    127min 27,000 words

  180. All Summer in a Day

    ·1954 ·short story ·7 min

    On Venus, where the sun appears for two hours every seven years, schoolchildren lock the one girl who remembers sunlight in a closet, and let her out after it has gone. The 1982 PBS WonderWorks adaptation softened the ending — the children bring Margot flowers — a change often used in classrooms to discuss adaptation. One of the most widely assigned middle-school stories in the US.

    7min 1,900 words

  181. Notes of a Native Son

    ·1955 ·essay ·36 min

    His father's funeral, which fell on Baldwin's nineteenth birthday and the day the 1943 Harlem riot began.

    36min 9,000 words

  182. Equal in Paris

    ·1955 ·essay paywall ·28 min

    Eight days in a French prison in December 1949 over a stolen hotel bedsheet, and the laughter of the courtroom.

    28min 7,000 words

  183. The Ring of Time

    ·1956 ·essay ·11 min

    A young circus rider rehearses bareback in a Florida practice ring while White tries to fix the enchantment of the moment on paper.

    11min 2,800 words

  184. The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster

    ·1957 ·essay ·42 min

    Mailer's theory of the white hipster who adopts what he takes to be Black existential freedom.

    42min 9,000 words

  185. Borges and I

    ·1957 ·prose parable translated from Spanish ·2 min

    The private man describes his public authorial double, who appropriates everything he does. The closing line — "I do not know which of us has written this page" — is among the most-quoted sentences in twentieth-century literature. Four major translators have taken it on, and the divergences between their versions are themselves a translation-studies case study.

    2min 350 words

  186. Good-bye to Forty-Eighth Street

    ·1957 ·essay ·8 min

    White tries to disperse the contents of his Turtle Bay apartment before leaving New York for Maine, and finds the objects will not go.

    8min 2,000 words

  187. The Two Cultures

    ·1959 ·lecture

    Literary intellectuals and physical scientists have become mutually unintelligible, and literary ignorance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics is treated as charming while scientific ignorance of Shakespeare is treated as barbarism.

  188. Flowers for Algernon

    ·1959 ·short story ·63 min

    A man with an intellectual disability undergoes surgery that makes him a genius, then documents the reversal in his own journals. The short version won the 1960 Hugo; the novel tied for the Nebula for Best Novel with Delany's Babel-17, presented 1967. The 1968 film Charly won Cliff Robertson the Best Actor Oscar. 5M+ copies in 27 languages by 2004, and a perennial US banned-books list entry.

    63min 14,000 words

  189. The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American

    ·1959 ·essay ·10 min

    Exile in Europe is what taught him he was an American writer rather than a Negro writer.

    10min 2,500 words

  190. The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy

    ·1961 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·24 min

    Baldwin's friendship and rivalry with Norman Mailer, and his refusal of Mailer's hipster-as-Negro romance.

    24min 6,000 words

  191. Harrison Bergeron

    ·1961 ·short story ·8 min

    In a future where handicapping devices enforce total equality, a superlative teenager tears his off on live television and is shot dead by the Handicapper General. Adapted three times, including the short 2081 (2009). Justice Antonin Scalia cited it in his dissent in PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin (2001) — it is routinely invoked in equality-versus-excellence arguments, a use Vonnegut himself disputed.

    8min 2,200 words

  192. Letter from a Region in My Mind

    ·1962 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·80 min

    Baldwin's teenage pentecostalism, a dinner with Elijah Muhammad, and the psychology of American whiteness.

    80min 20,000 words

  193. My Dungeon Shook

    ·1962 ·letter ·7 min

    Baldwin tells his fifteen-year-old namesake nephew that white Americans, not he, are the ones trapped in a history they do not understand.

    7min 1,800 words

  194. Letter from Birmingham Jail

    ·1963 ·essay ·28 min

    Why the white moderate's call for patience is a greater obstacle than the Klan, and when disobeying a law is a moral duty.

    28min 7,000 words

  195. A Talk to Teachers

    ·1963 ·speech ·15 min

    Addressed to New York schoolteachers on what an honest education would have to tell a Black child about America.

    15min 4,000 words

  196. Against Interpretation

    ·1964 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·16 min

    Interpretation is the revenge of the intellect upon art. "In place of a hermeneutics we need an erotics of art."

    16min 4,000 words

  197. The Last American Hero Is Junior Johnson. Yes!

    ·1965 ·essay ·56 min

    Moonshine-runner-turned-NASCAR-driver Junior Johnson in Wilkes County, North Carolina.

    56min 14,000 words

  198. On Morality

    ·1965 ·essay ·10 min

    Written from a Death Valley motel on assignment, it reduces morality to the wagon-train loyalty of not leaving the dead unburied.

    10min 2,100 words

  199. The Imagination of Disaster

    ·1965 ·essay ·32 min

    Science-fiction disaster films read as collective rehearsal for nuclear annihilation and mass death.

    32min 8,000 words

  200. On Keeping a Notebook

    ·1966 ·essay ·11 min

    Why she writes things down, and the fact that her notebooks record almost nothing that actually happened.

    11min 2,800 words

  201. Frank Sinatra Has a Cold

    ·1966 ·essay ·60 min

    A profile of Sinatra built entirely from observation, after Sinatra refused to be interviewed.

    60min 15,000 words

  202. Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream

    ·1966 ·essay ·36 min

    The Lucille Miller murder trial in San Bernardino, told as a parable of the valley itself.

    36min 9,000 words

  203. Goodbye to All That

    ·1967 ·essay ·17 min

    Eight years in New York, from arriving at twenty to leaving at twenty-eight.

    17min 4,300 words

  204. Slouching Towards Bethlehem

    ·1967 ·essay ·48 min

    Reportage from the Haight-Ashbury in spring 1967, ending with a five-year-old on acid.

    48min 12,000 words

  205. On Going Home

    ·1967 ·essay ·5 min

    Didion returns to her family's Central Valley house for her daughter's first birthday and finds she cannot translate between her two homes.

    5min 1,200 words

  206. The Aesthetics of Silence

    ·1967 ·essay ·61 min

    Twenty numbered sections on silence, negation and renunciation as the modern artist's spiritual programme.

    61min 13,000 words

  207. The Tragedy of the Commons

    ·1968 ·journal paper ·78 min

    A resource open to all is destroyed, because each user gains the full benefit of one more animal while the cost of overgrazing is shared. Hardin's remedy is "mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon," applied above all to human reproduction.

    78min 7,000 words

  208. Hell Sucks / Khe Sanh

    ·1968 ·essay ·36 min

    "Hell Sucks" is the Battle of Huế during the Tet Offensive; "Khe Sanh" is the 1968 siege.

    36min 9,000 words

  209. The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved

    ·1970 ·essay ·24 min

    Thompson and Steadman fail to cover the Derby and cover the crowd, and themselves, instead.

    24min 6,000 words

  210. Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's

    ·1970 ·essay ·100 min

    Leonard Bernstein's January 14, 1970 Park Avenue fundraiser for the Black Panther 21.

    100min 25,000 words

  211. Nobel Lecture

    ·1970 ·speech translated from Russian ·30 min

    How the text reached the West is itself the story: he photographed the manuscript and, at a clandestine meeting at the Belorussian railway station in late April 1972, handed nine negatives to Swedish journalist Stig Fredrikson, who cut them into strips, wrapped them in plastic, hid the roll in an empty headache-tablet tube, concealed that in a transistor radio's battery compartment, and carried…

    30min 7,000 words

  212. The Absurd

    ·1971 ·essay ·28 min

    Why life feels absurd, argued as a collision between how seriously we take our own lives and the view from outside them.

    28min 6,000 words

  213. Lying in Politics: Reflections on The Pentagon Papers

    ·1971 ·essay ·44 min

    Written weeks after the Pentagon Papers were published. How a government's "problem-solvers" replaced facts with models and then believed the models.

    44min 11,000 words

  214. The Lives of a Cell

    ·1971 ·essay paywall ·5 min

    We are not single organisms but colonies — mitochondria and chloroplasts as descendants of captured bacteria, so "my cells are no longer the pure line entities I was raised with."

    5min 1,300 words

  215. When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision

    ·1971 ·lecture ·28 min

    Re-vision — "entering an old text from a new critical direction" — as survival, traced through Rich's own move out of formalism.

    28min 5,500 words

  216. A Few Words About Breasts

    ·1972 ·essay ·12 min

    Ephron on having small breasts, and on the fact that this genuinely determined her adolescence.

    12min 3,000 words

  217. The Search for Marvin Gardens

    ·1972 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·20 min

    A Monopoly game intercut with a walk through the actual decayed Atlantic City streets the board names.

    20min 5,000 words

  218. Ways of Seeing, Essay 1

    ·1972 ·book chapter borrow from archive.org ·32 min

    Mechanical reproduction, the mystification of oil painting, and how looking is conditioned by what we know.

    32min 7,000 words

  219. Photography

    ·1973 ·essay ·22 min

    Photographs as acquisition — of the thing photographed, and of a relation to it that feels like knowledge and is not.

    22min 5,500 words

  220. Letter to Mr. Nadeau

    ·1973 ·letter ·1 min

    A reply to a stranger who wrote that he had lost faith in humanity's future.

    1min 200 words

  221. The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas

    ·1973 ·short story ·13 min

    A perfect city whose happiness depends on one child kept in permanent misery.

    13min 2,800 words

  222. What Is It Like to Be a Bat?

    ·1974 ·journal paper read at Club Violet ·98 min

    Whether the subjective character of experience can be captured by any physical description of the brain.

    98min 7,500 words

  223. Why Are Americans Afraid of Dragons?

    ·1974 ·essay ·10 min

    Why American adults treat imaginative fiction as frivolous, and what that costs.

    10min 2,600 words

  224. Cargo Cult Science

    ·1974 ·speech ·15 min

    Research that follows all the outward forms of science and produces nothing, with Millikan's oil-drop constant drifting slowly toward the true value as the case study in how scientists deceive themselves.

    15min 4,000 words

  225. The School

    ·1974 ·short story ·5 min

    A teacher lists everything his class has tried to raise — trees, herb gardens, gerbils, an orphan, parents — all of which died, and the children ask him about death. Literary Hub ran a close reading headlined "the best short story ever written"; it is a fixture of MFA escalation-and-comic-structure teaching. The Library of America chose it as the free public sample from its 2021 Collected Stories.

    5min 1,200 words

  226. Seeing

    ·1974 ·book chapter ·48 min

    Hidden pennies, cataract patients given sight, and the difference between looking and letting go into seeing.

    48min 9,000 words

  227. In Search of Zora Neale Hurston

    ·1975 ·essay ·30 min

    Walker goes to Fort Pierce, Florida, posing as Hurston's niece, to find her unmarked grave.

    30min 7,500 words

  228. An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness

    ·1975 ·lecture ·30 min

    It single-handedly reframed the teaching of Heart of Darkness worldwide — no serious edition or syllabus now presents Conrad without Achebe's rebuttal. The founding document of postcolonial critique's confrontation with the Western canon, predating and shaping Said's Culture and Imperialism.

    30min 6,000 words

  229. The Laugh of the Medusa

    ·1975 ·essay translated from French ·44 min

    Women must write themselves and their bodies into a language built to exclude them. The founding statement of écriture féminine, and one of the most-assigned essays in Anglophone feminist theory.

    44min 10,000 words

  230. Fascinating Fascism

    ·1975 ·essay ·44 min

    Leni Riefenstahl's Nuba photo book and a book of SS regalia, used to define a persistent fascist aesthetic.

    44min 11,000 words

  231. Letter to the Xerox Corporation

    ·1976 ·letter ·5 min

    Why Xerox's underwriting of a magazine article, however hands-off, damages press independence.

    5min 1,200 words

  232. Why I Write

    ·1976 ·essay ·12 min

    She writes to find out what she thinks, and grammar and pictures in the mind, not ideas, dictate her sentences.

    12min 3,000 words

  233. Transfiguration (The Death of a Moth)

    ·1976 ·essay ·7 min

    A moth burning in a candle flame as a figure for the writer consumed by her vocation.

    7min 1,800 words

  234. The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action

    ·1977 ·lecture ·10 min

    Written after a breast-cancer scare: silence bought no safety, and speech is a survival act rather than a luxury. "Your silence will not protect you" became a standing slogan of feminist, queer, and anti-racist organizing, and supplied the title of the 2017 UK Lorde collection.

    10min 1,900 words

  235. Why Look at Animals?

    ·1977 ·essay ·30 min

    Animals were once at the center of the human world and are now marginal. The zoo is a monument to their disappearance, and the animals there return no gaze.

    30min 7,500 words

  236. The Power of the Powerless

    ·1978 ·essay translated from Czech ·111 min

    The greengrocer who puts "Workers of the world, unite!" in his window, and what happens when he stops.

    111min 25,000 words

  237. Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power

    ·1978 ·lecture ·16 min

    The erotic as a source of knowledge and power, distinguished from the pornographic.

    16min 3,300 words

  238. Illness as Metaphor

    ·1978 ·essay ·30 min

    Tuberculosis and cancer are smothered in punitive metaphor, and the healthiest way to be ill is to resist it.

    30min 7,500 words

  239. The Panda's Thumb

    ·1978 ·essay ·12 min

    The panda's thumb is a jury-rigged wrist bone, and imperfection is the best evidence for evolution.

    12min 3,000 words

  240. The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House

    ·1979 ·lecture ·6 min

    A Black lesbian invited as the panel's only non-white voice tells the organizers that the format is the problem.

    6min 1,300 words

  241. The White Album

    ·1979 ·essay ·52 min

    Didion's psychiatric report, the Manson murders, Huey Newton, and the collapse of narrative in late-1960s Los Angeles.

    52min 13,000 words

  242. The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm

    ·1979 ·journal paper ·83 min

    Evolutionary biology's habit of assuming every trait is an adaptation, argued through the spandrels of San Marco, which exist because you cannot put a dome on arches without them.

    83min 7,500 words

  243. In Bed

    ·1979 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·7 min

    Three or four days a month lost to migraine, and the shame of an illness with no visible cause.

    7min 1,800 words

  244. If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?

    ·1979 ·essay ·7 min

    Black English is a language forged under conditions no other Americans faced, and schools punish children for speaking it.

    7min 1,750 words

  245. The Perils of Pauline

    ·1980 ·essay ·28 min

    A review of Pauline Kael's When the Lights Go Down which concludes the book is "jarringly, piece by piece, line by line, and without interruption, worthless."

    28min 7,000 words

  246. The Last Answer

    ·1980 ·short story ·14 min

    Murray Templeton, an atheist physicist, dies of a heart attack and wakes to find himself the property of a being that made him in order to be thought about. He starts working out how to end it.

    14min 3,700 words

  247. Why Read the Classics?

    ·1981 ·essay translated from Italian ·16 min

    Fourteen successive definitions of a classic, including "a book that has never finished saying what it has to say" and the deflationary "a book which people praise and don't read."

    16min 3,500 words

  248. Cathedral

    ·1981 ·short story ·29 min

    A jealous narrator spends an evening with his wife's blind friend and ends up drawing a cathedral with the blind man's hand over his, eyes closed. Selected for Best American Short Stories 1982; the collection was a finalist for both the Pulitzer and the National Book Critics Circle Award.

    29min 6,500 words

  249. What We Talk About When We Talk About Love

    ·1981 ·short story ·18 min

    Two couples drink gin at a kitchen table and argue about what love is. The editing controversy is the reason to read it: Carver's original was titled "Beginners"; Gordon Lish cut roughly half, renamed characters, and deleted the elderly couple's backstory and eight closing paragraphs.

    18min 4,700 words

  250. Evolution as Fact and Theory

    ·1981 ·essay ·12 min

    Separates fact from theory to answer creationists who call evolution "only a theory."

    12min 3,000 words

  251. Total Eclipse

    ·1982 ·essay ·33 min

    The February 26, 1979 total solar eclipse, seen from a hillside in central Washington State.

    33min 7,000 words

  252. Epiphenomenal Qualia

    ·1982 ·journal paper ·72 min

    Mary knows every physical fact about color vision but has only seen black and white. What happens when she leaves the room.

    72min 5,500 words

  253. Living Like Weasels

    ·1982 ·book chapter ·9 min

    Dillard locks eyes with a weasel for sixty seconds at Hollins Pond and works out what it would mean to live from necessity rather than choice.

    9min 1,600 words

  254. The man who mistook his wife for a hat

    ·1983 ·essay ·31 min

    A musician with visual agnosia can describe every feature of an object but cannot recognize the whole, and navigates only by singing.

    31min 6,500 words

  255. The Tragedy of Central Europe

    ·1983 ·essay translated from French ·38 min

    Central Europe is culturally Western and politically Eastern, and its absorption by Russia is a European catastrophe Europe has not noticed.

    38min 8,500 words

  256. A Left-Handed Commencement Address

    ·1983 ·speech ·5 min

    Tells graduating women to refuse the man's-world success script and speak in their own language.

    5min 1,200 words

  257. The Median Isn't the Message

    ·1985 ·essay ·8 min

    Gould is diagnosed with abdominal mesothelioma, reads that median survival is eight months, and works out what the distribution actually means.

    8min 1,900 words

  258. A Cyborg Manifesto

    ·1985 ·essay ·60 min

    The cyborg as a figure that refuses the boundaries between human and animal, organism and machine, physical and non-physical, and therefore refuses the origin myths feminism had been using.

    60min 15,000 words

  259. Singing with the Fundamentalists

    ·1985 ·essay ·22 min

    Dillard joins evangelical students singing on a West Coast campus plaza and refuses the expected condescension.

    22min 5,500 words

  260. On Bullshit

    ·1986 ·essay ·42 min

    The formal difference between a liar, who tracks the truth in order to avoid it, and a bullshitter, who is indifferent to it.

    42min 9,000 words

  261. The Gray Zone

    ·1986 ·book chapter translated from Italian borrow from archive.org ·42 min

    The Sonderkommando, and the collapse of a clean line between victim and perpetrator inside the camp.

    42min 7,000 words

  262. Shame

    ·1986 ·book chapter translated from Italian borrow from archive.org ·36 min

    Why survivors felt shame rather than relief at liberation — shame at having survived in place of someone better, at not having resisted, at belonging to the species that built the camp.

    36min 6,000 words

  263. The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction

    ·1986 ·essay ·10 min

    The first cultural device was probably a container, not a weapon. What happens to storytelling if the novel is a bag holding things rather than a spear.

    10min 2,600 words

  264. On the Pursuit of the Ideal

    ·1988 ·essay ·42 min

    Berlin's own late summary of value pluralism — that human goods are plural, genuinely conflicting, and not reducible to one another.

    42min 9,000 words

  265. Insider Baseball

    ·1988 ·essay ·44 min

    The 1988 Dukakis campaign as a closed performance staged by operatives and reporters for each other.

    44min 11,000 words

  266. Kropotkin Was No Crackpot

    ·1988 ·essay ·16 min

    Rehabilitates the anarchist prince's Mutual Aid as serious Darwinism shaped by Siberian rather than tropical nature.

    16min 4,000 words

  267. Heaven and Nature

    ·1988 ·essay borrow from archive.org ·33 min

    On the pull toward suicide, opening with a friend who has ridden the subway for thirty years and thinks about the tracks. Joyce Carol Oates put it among the best essays of the century.

    33min 7,000 words

  268. Write Till You Drop

    ·1989 ·essay paywall ·7 min

    Spend everything on the page now rather than hoarding material.

    7min 1,700 words

  269. Neurology and the Soul

    ·1990 ·essay ·28 min

    The gap between scientific description and lived experience, argued through Edelman, Luria, and his own patients.

    28min 6,000 words

  270. Sentimental Journeys

    ·1991 ·essay ·88 min

    The Central Park jogger case read as a narrative New York told itself to avoid discussing class and money.

    88min 22,000 words

  271. The Last Hippie

    ·1992 ·essay ·52 min

    Greg F., blinded and amnesic from a pituitary tumour, still frozen in 1969 but able to reach the present through Grateful Dead music.

    52min 11,000 words

  272. E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction

    ·1993 ·essay ·70 min

    How television absorbed irony as its own defense, and why that leaves American fiction disarmed.

    70min 17,500 words

  273. Nobel Lecture

    ·1993 ·speech ·12 min

    Opens "Once upon a time there was an old woman. Blind but wise." Children bring her a bird and ask whether it is living or dead; she says she does not know, but "what I do know is that it is in your hands." The bird is language; the old woman is a practiced writer. Morrison was the first Black woman to win the Nobel in Literature, and this is the definitive statement of her poetics. "We die.

    12min 3,000 words

  274. Godot Comes to Sarajevo

    ·1993 ·essay ·36 min

    First-person account of directing Waiting for Godot by candlelight in besieged Sarajevo.

    36min 9,000 words

  275. The Naked Citadel

    ·1994 ·essay ·60 min

    Inside The Citadel, South Carolina's all-male state military college — the hazing culture, the sexual pathology, and the institutional defense mobilized against admitting women.

    60min 15,000 words

  276. Ticket to the Fair

    ·1994 ·essay paywall ·44 min

    The Illinois State Fair, attended as a native son sent back by a New York magazine.

    44min 11,000 words

  277. Ur-Fascism

    ·1995 ·essay translated from Italian ·24 min

    Fourteen overlapping features of "Eternal Fascism," presented as a Wittgensteinian family resemblance rather than a definition.

    24min 5,500 words

  278. The Fine Art of Baloney Detection

    ·1995 ·book chapter ·40 min

    A toolkit for distinguishing arguments that survive scrutiny from those that only sound like they do.

    40min 7,500 words

  279. The Fourth State of Matter

    ·1996 ·essay ·30 min

    Beard, then an editor in the University of Iowa physics and astronomy department, braids a collapsing marriage and a dying dog with the November 1, 1991 campus shooting in which grad student Gang Lu killed five people, including her close friend Christoph Goertz.

    30min 7,500 words

  280. Shipping Out: On the (nearly lethal) comforts of a luxury cruise

    ·1996 ·essay paywall ·60 min

    Seven nights on the MV Zenith in the Caribbean.

    60min 15,000 words

  281. The Tipping Point

    ·1996 ·essay ·16 min

    Whether New York's crime collapse behaves like an epidemic reaching a threshold.

    16min 4,000 words

  282. Nonoverlapping Magisteria

    ·1997 ·essay ·24 min

    Proposes science and religion as separate domains of authority that cannot legitimately conflict.

    24min 6,000 words

  283. Story of Your Life

    ·1998 ·novella ·109 min

    A linguist learns an alien written language whose simultaneous grammar restructures her perception of time. Won the Nebula for Best Novella and the Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award (1999); Hugo-nominated. Adapted as Arrival (2016, Villeneuve), 8 Oscar nominations including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay.

    109min 24,000 words

  284. Interpreter of Maladies

    ·1998 ·short story ·37 min

    An Indian tour guide who moonlights translating patients' symptoms for a doctor becomes the confessor of an Indian-American tourist, who tells him one of her sons is not her husband's. The story won an O. Henry Award (1999) and was selected for Best American Short Stories 1999 before the collection appeared; the 1999 collection won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the PEN/Hemingway Award.

    37min 9,500 words

  285. The Nature of the Fun

    ·1998 ·essay ·11 min

    Why novelists keep writing once the vanity motive dies, built on DeLillo's image of the book as a deformed infant.

    11min 2,800 words

  286. The Wreck of Time

    ·1998 ·essay paywall ·19 min

    Numbers — birth rates, death tolls, grains of sand — set against the question of whether one life can matter.

    19min 4,000 words

  287. Against "National Poetry Month" As Such

    ·1999 ·essay ·7 min

    National Poetry Month promotes sanitized, accessible verse and suppresses innovative poetry. The canonical dissent against NPM, recirculated every April since 1999; its proposed "International Anti-Poetry Month" became a running joke in avant-garde poetry circles.

    7min 1,800 words

  288. Tense Present: Democracy, English, and the Wars over Usage

    ·2001 ·essay ·64 min

    A review of Bryan Garner's usage dictionary that becomes an argument about descriptivism, prescriptivism, and the class politics of Standard Written English.

    64min 16,000 words

  289. The Operating Instructions

    ·2002 ·speech ·5 min

    Imagination is a survival tool and literature the operating manual for being human.

    5min 1,200 words

  290. Regarding the Torture of Others

    ·2004 ·essay ·14 min

    The Abu Ghraib photographs, and the argument that the pictures are not evidence of what happened but part of what happened.

    14min 3,500 words

  291. Some Assumptions About Fantasy

    ·2004 ·speech ·6 min

    Dismantles three assumptions about fantasy: white characters, pseudo-medieval Europe, and simple good against evil.

    6min 1,500 words

  292. Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the 21st Century

    ·2005 ·essay translated from Polish paywall ·16 min

    The encounter with the Other as the defining ethical problem of the century, argued through Herodotus, Lévinas, and Buber against Europe's habit of treating the Other as object.

    16min 3,000 words

  293. This Is Water

    ·2005 ·speech ·17 min

    Liberal-arts education as training in choosing what to pay attention to, against the default setting of unconscious self-centeredness.

    17min 3,800 words

  294. Host

    ·2005 ·essay ·64 min

    A reported profile of Los Angeles conservative talk-radio host John Ziegler and the economics of outrage radio.

    64min 16,000 words

  295. A Rant About Technology

    ·2005 ·essay ·5 min

    Rejects the equation of technology with high tech — a clay pot and a spindle are technology too.

    5min 1,000 words

  296. What's Expected of Us

    ·2005 ·short story ·5 min

    A one-page device that flashes a second before you press it, destroying belief in free will.

    5min 1,000 words

  297. Ten Dispatches About Endurance in Face of Walls

    ·2005 ·essay ·11 min

    Ten fragments on poverty, Platonov, and how the dispossessed hold on to dignity.

    11min 2,800 words

  298. St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves

    ·2006 ·short story ·38 min

    Girls born to werewolf parents are civilized by nuns at a boarding school, told in five stages from a fictional handbook. The collection made Russell's career — NYT Notable Book 2006, feeding her selection to The New Yorker's "20 Under 40" (2010) and her 2013 MacArthur Fellowship. Now a fixture of the US high-school and AP English canon.

    38min 10,000 words

  299. Undefeated Despair

    ·2006 ·essay ·14 min

    Reportage from Ramallah on Palestinian life under occupation, and a stance he names undefeated despair.

    14min 3,500 words

  300. Deciderization 2007 — A Special Report

    ·2007 ·essay ·36 min

    His guest-editor introduction on choosing twenty-two essays while drowning in information.

    36min 9,000 words

  301. Men Explain Things to Me

    ·2008 ·essay ·14 min

    A man at a party explains a book to Solnit at length. The book is hers.

    14min 3,500 words

  302. The Question of Global Warming

    ·2008 ·essay ·22 min

    Dyson argues climate models overweight atmospheric physics and underweight the carbon-vegetation exchange, proposes genetically engineered carbon-eating trees, and attacks climate science's drift toward dogma.

    22min 5,500 words

  303. The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination

    ·2008 ·speech ·15 min

    The most widely circulated speech ever given on failure as a professional asset. Harvard President Drew Faust called it the most moving and memorable commencement address she had seen. The seven-year gap between delivery and book is the measure of how durable demand for the printed text was.

    15min 3,300 words

  304. Two Paths for the Novel

    ·2008 ·essay ·28 min

    O'Neill's Netherland against McCarthy's Remainder as rival futures for fiction.

    28min 7,000 words

  305. The Danger of a Single Story

    ·2009 ·speech ·14 min

    How a single repeated narrative about a people flattens them, and what that does to both the told-about and the teller. Among the most widely assigned texts in the world's first-year writing and world-literature curricula.

    14min 3,600 words

  306. Speaking in Tongues

    ·2009 ·lecture ·32 min

    Losing her Willesden voice at Cambridge, Eliza Doolittle, and Obama's multiple voices as a model of self.

    32min 6,500 words

  307. The Lifecycle of Software Objects

    ·2010 ·novella ·115 min

    Two employees of a failed virtual-pet startup spend twenty years raising AI "digients" as the platforms they live on go obsolete. Won the 2011 Hugo and Locus Awards for Best Novella. Standard reference in AI-alignment discussion for reframing AI development as long-horizon upbringing rather than engineering.

    115min 30,000 words

  308. Generation Why?

    ·2010 ·essay ·22 min

    The Social Network and Facebook as software that shrinks the person to fit the database.

    22min 5,500 words

  309. The Web Is a Customer Service Medium

    ·2011 ·essay ·15 min

    The web is not a publishing medium but a customer service medium, because its fundamental driver is "Why wasn't I consulted?"

    15min 3,800 words

  310. Even Artichokes Have Doubts

    ·2011 ·essay ·8 min

    Why a quarter of her graduating class was going into finance and consulting.

    8min 1,900 words

  311. The Careless Language of Sexual Violence

    ·2011 ·essay ·14 min

    A critique of the New York Times's coverage of the gang rape of an 11-year-old in Cleveland, Texas. The piece that first built Gay's national readership, years before the books, and now a standard media-ethics teaching text.

    14min 3,500 words

  312. Fellow Prisoners

    ·2011 ·essay ·10 min

    Global finance capitalism described literally as a prison, with solidarity as the only exit.

    10min 2,500 words

  313. The Opposite of Loneliness

    ·2012 ·essay ·5 min

    What college gave her that has no single word for it, and the argument that it is not too late for anything.

    5min 1,000 words

  314. Make Good Art

    ·2012 ·speech ·13 min

    How to survive a freelance creative career: make mistakes, ignore the rules you don't know, and when things go wrong, make good art. Went viral within days and became the template for the commencement-speech-as-shareable-object genre of the early 2010s; the Chip Kidd book turned it into a design object. "Make good art" is on posters, tattoos, and studio walls, and TED-Ed built a lesson around it.

    13min 3,400 words

  315. We Should All Be Feminists

    ·2012 ·speech ·19 min

    A defense of the word "feminist," argued from Nigerian and American experience, against the claim that it is un-African, anti-male, or unnecessary. Beyoncé sampled the talk directly on "Flawless" (BEYONCÉ, surprise-released December 13, 2013), with Adichie credited — which moved the argument from a TEDx stage to global pop radio and onto a 2017 Dior T-shirt.

    19min 5,000 words

  316. Madness, Rack, and Honey / On Fear

    ·2012 ·lecture ·29 min

    "On Fear" traces fear as the engine of poetic composition. The title lecture argues poetry "disequips you for the requirements of life."

    29min 5,000 words

  317. Bad Feminist

    ·2012 ·essay ·17 min

    Gay's refusal of "essential feminism" and her account of her own contradictions. The collection was a New York Times bestseller that made her a mainstream cultural critic, and "bad feminist" entered general usage as shorthand for imperfect, non-doctrinaire feminism.

    17min 4,200 words

  318. Everything Is Fiction

    ·2012 ·essay paywall ·6 min

    "I don't know how to write" — narrative as the mechanism by which everyone constructs their own life. Went viral among writers in 2012 and is still an anthologized craft essay; it drove Anglophone attention to Hawthorn & Child, the novel that made Ridgway a cult figure.

    6min 1,500 words

  319. Joy

    ·2013 ·essay ·13 min

    The distinction between pleasure, which is reliable and small, and joy, which is neither.

    13min 2,700 words

  320. Convocation address (Congratulations, by the way)

    ·2013 ·speech ·8 min

    His chief regret is not his failures but his "failures of kindness," and kindness is a skill that can be deliberately increased. Among the most-shared items the Times published in 2013 — the book deal was announced six days after the blog post. It established Saunders as a public moral voice outside fiction.

    8min 1,850 words

  321. Putinism: The Ideology

    ·2013 ·essay ·18 min

    Putinism as a coherent ideology rooted in KGB institutional culture, with authority vested in personalities rather than institutions. An early, pre-Crimea argument that Putinism was ideological rather than merely kleptocratic, much cited after 2014. Paired with an LSE public lecture still on their site.

    18min 4,500 words

  322. Diary: In the Day of the Postman

    ·2013 ·essay ·10 min

    How email and smartphones destroyed the texture of unhurried attention and correspondence.

    10min 2,600 words

  323. Speak, Memory

    ·2013 ·essay ·26 min

    Discovering that a vivid childhood memory of a wartime bomb was borrowed from a brother's letter, and the reconstructive nature of memory.

    26min 5,500 words

  324. Meditations On Moloch

    ·2014 ·essay ·70 min

    Coordination failures — multipolar traps, personified as Ginsberg's Moloch — as the root cause of most systemic misery.

    70min 14,800 words

  325. Grand Unified Theory of Female Pain

    ·2014 ·essay paywall ·48 min

    Why depictions of wounded women get dismissed as cliché, and whether that dismissal is itself a way of not taking women's pain seriously.

    48min 12,000 words

  326. The Case for Reparations

    ·2014 ·essay ·64 min

    Housing discrimination — redlining, and contract selling in Chicago's North Lawndale — as an ongoing, documentable theft of Black wealth.

    64min 16,000 words

  327. Why Women Aren't Welcome on the Internet

    ·2014 ·essay ·24 min

    Hess documents her own stalker and the failure of police and platforms to treat threats as real, arguing harassment functions as a tax on women's ability to work online.

    24min 6,000 words

  328. Black Body: Rereading James Baldwin's "Stranger in the Village"

    ·2014 ·essay ·16 min

    Cole goes to Leukerbad, the Swiss alpine village of Baldwin's 1953 essay, and rereads it against his own experience.

    16min 4,000 words

  329. National Book Foundation Medal acceptance

    ·2014 ·speech ·2 min

    A defense of imaginative literature and of writers as "realists of a larger reality," and an attack on publishers who treat books as commodities. Words Are My Matter, the collection built around it, won the 2017 Hugo for Best Related Work. Reprinted within days by the Poetry Foundation, SFWA, and the Guardian; recirculated at scale on her death in January 2018.

    2min 500 words

  330. Google Morals, Virtue, and the Asymmetry of Deference

    ·2014 ·journal paper ·170 min

    Imagine an oracle that answers moral questions correctly every time. Howell argues you still should not defer to it, and works out why taking someone else's word is fine for facts but corrupting for morals.

    170min 13,000 words

  331. The Artificial Intelligence Revolution: Part 1

    ·2015 ·essay ·34 min

    Exponential progress puts AGI and then superintelligence far closer than intuition suggests.

    34min 8,500 words

  332. The Meaning of Serena Williams: On Tennis and Black Excellence

    ·2015 ·essay paywall ·13 min

    Serena Williams's career as a case study in how Black excellence is policed, built on specific officiating incidents and press reactions.

    13min 3,362 words

  333. The Really Big One

    ·2015 ·essay ·28 min

    The Cascadia subduction zone is overdue for a magnitude 8–9 earthquake and tsunami the Pacific Northwest is not built for.

    28min 7,000 words

  334. The Mother of All Questions

    ·2015 ·essay ·12 min

    Framed around a public Q&A in which Solnit was asked about Virginia Woolf's childlessness.

    12min 3,000 words

  335. The Great Silence

    ·2015 ·short story ·7 min

    A Puerto Rican parrot near the Arecibo Observatory observes that humans scan the sky for alien intelligence while the non-human intelligence beside them goes extinct.

    7min 1,900 words

  336. Universal Love, Said The Cactus Person

    ·2015 ·short story ·13 min

    A DMT trip, a cactus person, and a big green bat with many faces; the narrator demands they factor a large number as proof they are real, they refuse and talk about universal love, and after he wakes they casually reveal they knew the factorization all along. Hit MetaFilter within a day of posting.

    13min 2,950 words

  337. My Own Life

    ·2015 ·essay paywall ·4 min

    Announces his terminal metastatic cancer and takes stock, borrowing Hume's title.

    4min 1,000 words

  338. Superintelligence: The Idea That Eats Smart People

    ·2016 ·lecture ·44 min

    Dismantles Bostrom-style AI doom premise by premise, and argues the belief functions as status religion for tech elites while distracting from present-day AI harms.

    44min 7,500 words

  339. Uncanny Valley

    ·2016 ·essay ·26 min

    A publishing assistant moves to San Francisco to work in customer support at a data-analytics startup and watches the industry's self-mythology from the bottom of it.

    26min 6,500 words

  340. The Secret Shame of Middle-Class Americans

    ·2016 ·essay ·32 min

    A successful writer confesses he is financially insecure, and argues middle-class insolvency is widespread but hidden by shame.

    32min 8,000 words

  341. Welcome to AirSpace

    ·2016 ·essay ·14 min

    How Airbnb, Instagram, Foursquare, and Yelp produce a globally identical café aesthetic — reclaimed wood, subway tile, Edison bulbs — that Chayka names "AirSpace."

    14min 3,601 words

  342. What Do We Do with the Art of Monstrous Men?

    ·2017 ·essay ·26 min

    Whether you can keep loving the work of Woody Allen, Polanski, and Cosby, and why "separate the art from the artist" does not function as an answer.

    26min 6,500 words

  343. The Premium Mediocre Life of Maya Millennial

    ·2017 ·essay ·34 min

    "Premium mediocre" — truffle oil, Starbucks sizing, Instagrammable everything — as self-aware class performance by precarious young professionals, not naive aspiration.

    34min 8,500 words

  344. Silicon Valley Is Turning Into Its Own Worst Fear

    ·2017 ·essay ·8 min

    The paperclip-maximizer AI Silicon Valley fears already exists. It is the corporation, and the fear is unacknowledged self-portraiture.

    8min 2,000 words

  345. The Personal-Essay Boom Is Over

    ·2017 ·essay ·7 min

    Why the first-person internet essay economy collapsed, written from inside it — Tolentino had edited the Hairpin and Jezebel pipelines she is describing.

    7min 1,700 words

  346. Cat Person

    ·2017 ·short story ·30 min

    A 20-year-old student texts her way into a date and into sex she does not want with a 34-year-old man, then has a friend break it off; he texts her the word "whore." The New Yorker's most-read fiction of 2017 and one of its most-read pieces of any kind that year; it drove a reported $1.2M Scout Press deal for You Know You Want This.

    30min 7,700 words

  347. The Loneliness of Donald Trump

    ·2017 ·essay ·10 min

    Trump as a fairy-tale figure destroyed by having every wish granted and never being told the truth.

    10min 2,500 words

  348. From Lying to Leering

    ·2017 ·essay ·13 min

    Trump's misogyny, the Access Hollywood tape, and the retraumatising effect of the 2016 debates.

    13min 3,300 words

  349. The Gig Economy Celebrates Working Yourself to Death

    ·2017 ·essay ·5 min

    Lyft's cheerful blog post about a driver who kept taking fares while in labour.

    5min 1,200 words

  350. I Started the Media Men List

    ·2018 ·essay ·8 min

    Why she made the anonymous "Shitty Media Men" spreadsheet, what it cost her, and the gap between informal warning systems and formal accountability.

    8min 2,000 words

  351. Whose Story (and Country) Is This?

    ·2018 ·essay ·12 min

    The myth of a "real America," and whose suffering the culture agrees to find interesting.

    12min 3,000 words

  352. The Crane Wife

    ·2019 ·essay ·14 min

    Ten days after calling off her wedding, Hauser joins a whooping crane research expedition in Texas, and uses the Japanese folktale of the crane wife to describe having trained herself to need nothing.

    14min 3,500 words

  353. The Age of Instagram Face

    ·2019 ·essay ·20 min

    How FaceTune, filters, and injectables converged on one globally identical, ethnically ambiguous face.

    20min 5,000 words

  354. How Millennials Became The Burnout Generation

    ·2019 ·essay ·32 min

    Millennial burnout as a structural condition produced by precarity, credentialism, and always-on work.

    32min 8,000 words

  355. The Communal Mind: The Internet and Me

    ·2019 ·essay ·26 min

    What being permanently online does to attention, language, and moral perception, written in the fragmentary third person of a feed.

    26min 6,500 words

  356. This Is What Black Burnout Feels Like

    ·2019 ·essay ·12 min

    A response, published by the same outlet six days after Petersen's essay, on why the burnout framing does not account for Black women's labor.

    12min 3,000 words

  357. Fascinated to Presume: In Defense of Fiction

    ·2019 ·essay ·18 min

    Defends the novelist's presumption of entering other lives against identity-bounded arguments about who may write whom.

    18min 4,500 words

  358. Athleisure, Barre and Kale: The Tyranny of the Ideal Woman

    ·2019 ·essay ·18 min

    Barre class, athleisure and salads as unpaid optimisation labour demanded of women.

    18min 4,545 words

  359. Losing Religion and Finding Ecstasy in Houston

    ·2019 ·essay ·28 min

    Megachurch childhood, chopped and screwed rap, and MDMA as three routes to the same ecstatic state.

    28min 7,000 words

  360. Buying Myself Back: When Does a Model Own Her Own Image?

    ·2020 ·essay ·28 min

    Four episodes in which other people owned, sold, or sued over images of her body — a photographer, Richard Prince, a paparazzo, and an ex.

    28min 7,000 words

  361. Everyone Is Beautiful and No One Is Horny

    ·2021 ·essay ·18 min

    Blockbuster cinema fetishizes optimized bodies while stripping them of desire — bodies as military and labor assets rather than sites of pleasure.

    18min 4,500 words

  362. The Case Against the Trauma Plot

    ·2021 ·essay ·21 min

    Contemporary fiction and television explain character almost exclusively through past injury, turning people into "a vivified DSM entry."

    21min 4,500 words

  363. Why Computers Won't Make Themselves Smarter

    ·2021 ·essay ·14 min

    Recursive self-improvement and the intelligence-explosion premise rest on a confusion about what intelligence is.

    14min 3,000 words

  364. standing on the shoulders of complex female characters

    ·2022 ·essay ·7 min

    Young women assemble identity and suffering as curated consumption, so pain becomes an aesthetic commodity indistinguishable from performance.

    7min 1,800 words

  365. The rise and fall of peer review

    ·2022 ·essay ·14 min

    Peer review is a recent invention, not a timeless feature of science, and the evidence that it improves papers is thin.

    14min 3,500 words

  366. ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web

    ·2023 ·essay ·12 min

    Large language models as lossy compression of their training data, with fluency filling in what was discarded.

    12min 3,000 words

  367. Elon Musk and the Infinite Rebuy

    ·2023 ·essay ·15 min

    A poker metaphor applied to Isaacson's Musk biography. In a tournament with unlimited rebuys, the player with infinite money eventually wins. "You just need access to enough money to keep rebuying until you succeed."

    15min 3,800 words

  368. Tiktok's enshittification

    ·2023 ·essay ·12 min

    Platforms die in a fixed three-stage sequence — good to users, then abusive to users in favor of business customers, then abusive to everyone to claw back all value.

    12min 3,000 words

  369. Effective obfuscation

    ·2023 ·essay ·11 min

    Effective altruism and effective accelerationism are the same product in different packaging — philosophies that let wealthy technologists describe self-enrichment as service to humanity.

    11min 2,800 words

  370. The Case Against Travel

    ·2023 ·essay ·11 min

    Tourism does not change you; travel's real function is chopping time into narrative segments to hide mortality. Argued through Emerson, Chesterton, and Pessoa.

    11min 2,400 words

  371. Untangling Threads

    ·2023 ·essay ·22 min

    Whether the fediverse should federate with Meta's Threads, argued from Meta's documented harms — the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar, harassment vectors, covert influence operations — rather than from abstract anti-big-tech principle.

    22min 5,500 words

  372. Will A.I. Become the New McKinsey?

    ·2023 ·essay ·15 min

    AI framed not as a rogue agent but as a management consultant that launders capital's decisions.

    15min 3,700 words

  373. The State of the Culture, 2024

    ·2024 ·essay ·11 min

    Art and entertainment are both being displaced by a fourth category — engineered distraction — producing a dopamine culture whose endpoint is anhedonia.

    11min 2,800 words

  374. I Will Fucking Piledrive You If You Mention AI Again

    ·2024 ·essay ·20 min

    The enterprise AI boom is executives cosplaying strategy at organizations that cannot manage a spreadsheet, and the actual work is unglamorous data hygiene.

    20min 5,000 words

  375. Why A.I. Isn't Going to Make Art

    ·2024 ·essay ·14 min

    Art as the accumulation of thousands of choices, which prompting cannot supply.

    14min 3,478 words

  376. The Goon Squad

    ·2025 ·essay ·28 min

    Gooning — extended edging aimed at a dissociative "goonstate" — as a Gen Z online subculture, framed as a symptom of social breakdown. Opens on the January suicide of Nautica Malone after a viral indecent-exposure video.

    28min 7,000 words

  377. What is "slop," exactly?

    ·2025 ·essay ·9 min

    Slop is not defined by AI production but by consumption conditions — anything optimized to frictionlessness until it loses individuation. "Netflix slop," "carslop."

    9min 2,200 words

  378. Mother F—er

    ·2026 ·essay ·16 min

    After her divorce she dated compulsively, not to find a partner but to test whether she was still desirable as a mother, and adopted a deliberate villain persona while doing it.

    16min 4,000 words

  379. AI has a sex addiction

    ·2026 ·essay ·19 min

    Three linked claims — that web-scraped training corpora are saturated with pornography (cites the Google Imagen audit, the ~3,200 CSAM images found in LAION, allegations about Meta); that porn's racialized conventions, specifically the submissive East and Southeast Asian woman, propagate into model output; and that this produces measurable harm, using the Equinox ad featuring a dismembered AI-generated Asian woman as the case study.

    19min 4,850 words

  380. No Data Centers In My Backyard

    ·2026 ·essay ·25 min

    Reported from Janesville and Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin and Port Washington and Saline Township, Michigan, where towns are fighting the AI buildout. The objection turns out not to be about megawatts but about being told after the deal was signed.

    25min 6,200 words